The first research visit (V1) was between 5 and 16 weeks of gestation, coinciding with women’s first trimester prenatal clinical blood sampling as requested by their primary care physician.

During this visit, demographic data, medical history and anthropometric measurements were collected and women completed questionnaires about lifestyle.

Blood was also collected.

The second visit (V2) was planned between 24 and 30 weeks, concomitantly with clinically indicated GDM screening test.

During this visit, the medical history was updated, anthropometric measurements were repeated and women completed the same questionnaires about lifestyle.

Extra blood samples at each point (0, 60 and 120 minutes) of the 75g oral glucose tolerance test were collected.

Research in obstetric services offered trained research staff on call 24 h per day, 7 days per week and were directly contacted by clinical nurses from the obstetric department each time a study participant was admitted for delivery.

Clinical data on delivery were collected from electronic hospital records.

Also, cord blood and placenta were collected.

During this visit, we met mother-child dyad. We collected updates medical history, and collected socio-demographic data, lifestyle habits and anthropometric measurements (weight, waist circumference), and their feelings and behaviours experienced during the past 7 days. If accepted, we collected maternal fasting blood samples.

During this visit, we met mother-child dyad. We collected socio-demographic data, medical histories updated, lifestyle habits, anthropometric measurements (weight, waist circumference). If accepted, we collected maternal urine and fasting blood samples. If accepted, mothers performed an 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and extra blood samples were collected at T60 and T120 minutes after ingestion.

The 12 years after delivery included up to 2 visits, where we met mother-child dyads. During the first visit, we collected socio-demographic data, medical histories updated, lifestyle habits, anthropometric measurements (weight, waist circumference), their feelings and behaviours experienced during the past 7 days, neurocognitive functions (Wechsler Scale of Intelligence for Adult (sub-tests: similarities and matrix reasoning)) and eating behaviour (Three-Factor-Eating Questionnaire, 24-h dietary recall). If accepted, we collected mother’s urine, stool and fasting blood samples. In the second visit, mother-child dyad accepted to perform an OGTT and a brain MRI during the first 30 min of the OGTT. Maternal blood samples were collected at fasting and T30, T60 and T120 minutes after ingestion.

Research in obstetric services offered trained research staff on call 24 h per day, 7 days per week and were directly contacted by clinical nurses from the obstetric department each time a study participant was admitted for delivery.

Clinical data on delivery were collected from electronic hospital records.

Anthropometric measures and skinfold thickness were taken.

Also, cord blood and placenta were collected.

During this visit, we met mother-child dyad. We updated medical history and collected lifestyle habits, anthropometric measurements (height, weight, waist and hip circumferences, skinfolds), and child’s temperament. If accepted, we collected child’s saliva.

During this visit, we met mother-child dyad. We updated medical history and collected lifestyle habits, anthropometric measurements (height, weight, waist and hip circumferences, skinfolds), and child’s temperament. If accepted, we collected child’s saliva, urine, hair, stools and fasting blood samples and whole body DXA scan.

The 12 years after delivery included up to 2 visits, where we met mother-child dyads. During the first visit, we updated medical history and collected lifestyle habits, anthropometric measurements (height, weight, waist and hip circumferences, skinfolds and whole body DXA scan if accepted), child’s temperament and neurocognitive development (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, Behavior Rating Scale for Executive Functions, Groove Pegboard and Finger taping tests, Conner's Continuous Performance Test-Third Version, Wechsler Scale of Intelligence for Children fourth edition (sub-test : similarities and Matrix Reasoning) and eating behaviors (24-h dietary recall, 21-items Child Three-Factor-Eating Questionnaire, eating in the absence of hunger for children). If accepted, we collected child’s saliva, urine, hair, stool and fasting blood samples. In the second visit, mother-child dyad accepted to perform an OGTT and a brain MRI during the first 30 min of the OGTT. Children blood samples were collected at fasting and T30, T60 and T120 minutes after ingestion.