Information was collected through questionnaires, surveys, medical examinations, physical measures, and blood samples. Also, geographic information systems and U.S. Census Bureau data were used.

Information on demographics such as age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, income, occupation, and census tract were collected.

Smoking history was obtained from a questionnaire and physical activity as well as diet were assessed using surveys. Physical activity was assessed to identify time and frequency spent in activities during a typical week. Diet was assessed by asking about high intake of fruit and vegetables, fish, whole grains, low intake of sodium and sugar-sweetened beverages. Personal, medication and medical history information was obtained as well. Psychosocial questionnaires were used to collect information as well.

BMI information was obtained using height and weight that were measured at the clinical examination. At the examination waist and hip circumferences were measured. Resting blood pressure, the arterial waveform, and the ankle brachial index were also measured.

An electrocardiogram was conducted as well as a cardiac MRI and a coronary CT. Endothelial function and carotid distensibility were measured, and a CIMT was conducted to diagnose carotid atherosclerotic vascular disease.

Blood sugar and cholesterol data were collected from a fasting blood sample obtained at the clinical examination. A urine sample was collected as well.

Using GIS layers, information was collected on density, placement of land uses, street network, and access to destinations around participants’ homes. Information such as environmental domains that city and regional planners might be able to influence was investigated. Information on land used for retail and for residential use was collected through land-use parcel files from local planning departments, city governments and regional entities. Land-use mix was also measured as entropy to quantify the similarity in the proportion of the area in parcels devoted to different land uses. Information concerning bus routes and distance to nearest bus route was collected. Also, information about street calculations, street connectivity, neighbourhood walkability, and transportation access was collected.

Information was also collected from GIS-based measures and the national establishment time series database about; access to food stores, alcohol outlets, physical activity, walking destinations, and social engagement destinations.

Data on crime and foreclosures was also collected from GIS-based measures.

Information on neighbourhood-level racial/ethnic residential segregation as well as summary socioeconomic environment (race/ethnicity, crowding, foreign-born, education, occupation, income and wealth, poverty, employment, and housing) information was collected from U.S. Census Bureau data.

Information was collected through questionnaires, surveys, medical examinations, physical measures, and blood samples. Also, geographic information systems and U.S. Census Bureau data were used.

Information on demographics such as age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, income, occupation, and census tract were collected.

Smoking history was obtained from a questionnaire and physical activity as well as diet were assessed using surveys. Physical activity was assessed to identify time and frequency spent in activities during a typical week. Walkability was also measured. Personal, family, medications, sleep and medical history information were obtained as well. Their view of their residence and neighbourhood was obtained from a questionnaire.Psychosocial questionnaires were used to collect information as well.

Information about each individual’s perception of his or her neighbourhood, as well as an aggregated perception across multiple respondents, was collected through a survey. Some of the information obtained concerned aesthetic quality, walking/physical activity environment, availability of healthy foods, public transportation, safety, violent crime, social cohesion, activities with neighbours, neighbourhood problems, and social and physical disorder within an area about 1 mile surrounding their home.

At the examination, blood pressure, height, weight, waist and hip circumferences were measured. A retinal photography and a vision refraction test were conducted.

A cardiac and carotid MRI, a coronary and an aortic CT, and a CIMT were conducted. The CIMT was used to measure and diagnose carotid atherosclerotic vascular disease.

Blood and urine samples were collected.

Using GIS layers, information was collected on placement of land uses, and access to destinations around participants’ homes. Information on land used for retail and for residential use was collected through land-use parcel files from local planning departments, city governments and regional entities. Land-use mix was also measured as entropy to quantify the similarity in the proportion of the area in parcels devoted to different land uses. Information concerning bus routes and distance to nearest bus route was collected.

Information was also collected from GIS-based measures and the national establishment time series database about; access to food stores, alcohol outlets, physical activity, walking destinations, and social engagement destinations.

Data on crime and foreclosures was also collected from GIS-based measures.

Information was collected through questionnaires, surveys, medical examinations, physical measures, and blood samples. Also, geographic information systems and U.S. Census Bureau data were used.

Information on demographics such as age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, income, occupation, and census tract were collected.

Smoking history was obtained from a questionnaire and physical activity as well as diet were assessed using surveys. Physical activity was assessed to identify time and frequency spent in activities during a typical week. Personal, medications and medical history and psychosocial information was obtained as well.

BMI information was obtained using height and weight that were measured at the clinical examination. At the examination waist and hip circumferences were measured. Resting blood pressure and the ankle brachial index were also measured.

A coronary and aortic CTs, and a CIMT were conducted. The CIMT was used to measure and diagnose carotid atherosclerotic vascular disease.

Blood sugar and cholesterol data were collected from a fasting blood sample obtained at the clinical examination. A urine sample was collected as well.

Using GIS layers, information was collected on placement of land uses, and access to destinations around participants’ homes. Information such as environmental domains that city and regional planners might be able to influence was investigated. Information on land used for retail and for residential use was collected through land-use parcel files from local planning departments, city governments and regional entities. Land-use mix was also measured as entropy to quantify the similarity in the proportion of the area in parcels devoted to different land uses. Information concerning bus routes and distance to nearest bus route was collected.

Information was also collected from GIS-based measures and the national establishment time series database about; access to food stores, alcohol outlets, physical activity, walking destinations, parks and social engagement destinations.

Data on crime and foreclosures was also collected from GIS-based measures.

Information on neighbourhood-level racial/ethnic residential segregation as well as summary socioeconomic environment (race/ethnicity, crowding, foreign-born, education, occupation, income and wealth, poverty, employment, and housing) information was collected from U.S. Census Bureau data.

Information was collected through questionnaires, surveys, medical examinations, physical measures, and blood samples. Also, geographic information systems and U.S. Census Bureau data were used.

Information on demographics such as age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, income, and census tract were collected.

Personal, medications, sleep and medical history and psychosocial information were obtained as well. Their view of their residence and neighbourhood was obtained from a questionnaire.

Information about each individual’s perception of his or her neighbourhood, as well as an aggregated perception across multiple respondents, was collected through a survey. Some of the information obtained concerned aesthetic quality, walking/physical activity environment, availability of healthy foods, public transportation, safety, violent crime, social cohesion, activities with neighbours, neighbourhood problems, and social and physical disorder within an area about 1 mile surrounding their home.

At the examination, blood pressure, height, weight, waist and hip circumferences were measured. A spirometry was conducted. Genotyping was done as well.

A cardiac MRI, a coronary CT, and a CIMT were conducted. The CIMT was used to measure and diagnose carotid atherosclerotic vascular disease.

Blood samples were collected.

Using GIS layers, information was collected on placement of land uses, and access to destinations around participants’ homes. Information on land used for retail and for residential use was collected through land-use parcel files from local planning departments, city governments and regional entities. Land-use mix was also measured as entropy to quantify the similarity in the proportion of the area in parcels devoted to different land uses. Information concerning bus routes and distance to nearest bus route was collected.

Information was also collected from GIS-based measures and the national establishment time series database about; access to food stores, alcohol outlets, physical activity, walking destinations, and social engagement destinations.

Data on crime and foreclosures was also collected from GIS-based measures.

Information was collected through questionnaires, surveys, medical examinations, physical measures, and blood samples. Also, geographic information systems and U.S. Census Bureau data were used.

Information on demographics such as age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, income, and census tract were collected.

Smoking history was obtained from a questionnaire and physical activity as well as diet were assessed using surveys. Physical activity was assessed to identify time and frequency spent in activities during a typical week. Walkability was also measured. Personal, medications, sleep and medical history and psychosocial information were obtained as well.

Information about each individual’s perception of his or her neighbourhood, as well as an aggregated perception across multiple respondents, was collected through a survey. Some of the information obtained concerned aesthetic quality, walking/physical activity environment, availability of healthy foods, public transportation, safety, violent crime, social cohesion, activities with neighbours, neighbourhood problems, and social and physical disorder within an area about 1 mile surrounding their home.

At the examination, resting blood pressure, the arterial waveform, and the ankle brachial index, height, weight, waist and hip circumferences were measured. A retinal photography and a vision refraction test and a spirometry were conducted. Cognitive function test was assessed as well.

An electrocardiogram, a cardiac MRI, a coronary CT, and a CIMT were conducted. The CIMT was used to measure and diagnose carotid atherosclerotic vascular disease.

Blood and urine samples were collected.

Using GIS layers, information was collected on density, placement of land uses, street network, and access to destinations around participants’ homes. Information such as environmental domains that city and regional planners might be able to influence was investigated. Information on land used for retail and for residential use was collected through land-use parcel files from local planning departments, city governments and regional entities. Land-use mix was also measured as entropy to quantify the similarity in the proportion of the area in parcels devoted to different land uses. Information concerning bus routes and distance to nearest bus route was collected. Also, information about street calculations, street connectivity, neighbourhood walkability, and transportation access was collected.

Information was also collected from GIS-based measures and the national establishment time series database about; access to food stores, alcohol outlets, parks, physical activity, walking destinations, and social engagement destinations.

Data on crime and foreclosures was also collected from GIS-based measures.

Information on neighbourhood-level racial/ethnic residential segregation as well as summary socioeconomic environment (race/ethnicity, crowding, foreign-born, education, occupation, income and wealth, poverty, employment, and housing) information was collected from U.S. Census Bureau data.